Wonderful Overhead Pedestrian Bridges In World wallpapers

Jub se kainaat wajood main hai tab se lay kar aaj tak science ne jitni taraqi pichlay 60 salon main ki hai itni taraqi pichle hazaron salon main nahin ho saki, aur jesay jesay waqt guzarta jaye ga ye taraqi ki raftar ab din ba din bharti hi chali jaye gi. Modern zamanay main jadeed tarah ki buildings, roads, underpass, parks, houses, motorways, aur bridges jesay mehnge projects aaj is jadeed door ki maizbani kar rahay hain aisay hi khuch khubsurat overhead aur pederstian brides sari ki aik amazing collection aap ke liye yahan mojood hai.
Ye hain Sari dunya se chand beautiful overhead pedestrian bridges pictures:

 Ye hai River Legacy Park Trinity River Ka bridge, is place ko America main aik picnic point ki si hasiyat hasil hai log yahan holidays guzarnay ke liye subah ke waqt atay hain aur shaam ke waqt is jagah se chalay jatay hain. USA ki rayasat texas ka ye muqaam is liye bhi zayada pasand kiya jata hai ke yahan dusri states ki manisbat garma bihat zayada hoti hai.

Texas pedestrian bridge image

pedestrian bridge omaha NE

Singapore bridge

05 pedestrian bridges in singapore

Singapore ke infrastructure par nazar dali jaye tou hamain pata chalta hai ke is mulk ne kitni tezi se apne shehron ki roads ke sath sath villages main bhi shehri mayaar ki sarkon ka jaal bichana shuru kar raha hai. Yahan beautiful buildings tou banayi hi gayi hain balkeh parks wagera bhi is mulk main zindagi ha acha ehsas dilatay hain jahan qudarti jheelon ke ird gird rang barangi bailain aur plants laga kar mahol dosti ka sabot diya gaya hai.

Switzerland bhi in mumalik main shumar hota hai jahan dunya ke door daraz ke aresa se log tourism ke liye travel karnay ke shooqeen hain aur is country main bhi khubsurat bridges banay howe hain.

overhead bridge design

Pichle 5 salon main jitne overhead bridges aur underpasses aur roads jitnay Pakistan main banay hain khaas toor par punjab main itnay Pakistan ki sari tareekh main kabhi nahin banay hain aur ye baat khush ayend hai ke awaam ki bhalayi ke liye bhi ab kaam kiya ja raha hai.

pedestrian bridge in pakistan
France aur Australia bhi aisay mulk hain jahan intihai behtareen styles main pedestrain bridges banaye gaye hain aur un main colourful flowers ka istimaal bhi kiya gaya hai jis se fizaon main phoolon ki khushbu ke sath sath manzar main haseen phoolon ka nazara ird gird ke alaqon ko bhi khubsurat bana raha hai,

 pedestrian bridge india chennai

 Kintai Bridge Japan

Kintaikyo, Iwakuni, Japan bridge pics

 Yodogawa river bhi Japan ke mulk main beh raha hai, is darya ke ird gird jungle hai aur is darya ke uper banay howe pul ne is jagah ki haryali ko aur haseen bana diya hai.

Yodogawa River Bridge

Kiyosu Bridge in Asia Japan

Aaj se 90 saal pehle banaya gaya ye pul lohay se banaya gaya tha jo ke aaj tak qreeban 100 saal guzarnay ke bawajood bhi jadeed lagta hai.

how to Build a Single Storey House construction guide India

Interim  Guidelines For Construction Of Single Story Home In India, Pakistan and in other countires:

learn house construction: 

(A) Materials

 Bricks:

The bricks shall be of standard shape, burnt red, hand formed or machine made and shall have a minimum crushing strength of 1000 psi.

Mortar:

Cement-sand mixes of 1:6 and 1:4 shall be adopted for 1 brick and half brick thick walls respectively. The addition of small quantities of freshly hydrated lime to the mortal  in a lime-cement ratio of 1/4:1 to 1/2:1 will increase its plasticity greatly without reducing its strength .

Where steel reinforcing bars are provided, the bars shall be embedded in a cement-sand mortar not leaner than 1:4 or in a cement concrete mix of 1:2:4.

Plaster:

All plasters shall have a cement-sand mix not leaner than 1:6 on outside or inside faces. It shall have a minimum 28 days cube crushing strength of 500 psi. A minimum plaster thickness of 3/8'' shall be adopted.

Concrete:

The concrete used in various seismic bands shall have a minimum compressive cylinder strenght of 2500 of psi at 28 days.

Reinforcing Steel:

The reinforcing steel will have a  yield strength of 40,000 psi.

(B) Horizontal Reinforcement In Walls:

Horizintal reinforcement of walls is required in order to tie orthogonal walls together. The most important horizintal reinforcement is by means of reinforced concrete bands provided continuously through all load-bearing longitudinal and transverse walls at plinth, lintel and roof-eave levels and also at the top of gables according to the requirements stated below.

Plinth Band:

This should be provided at plinth level and may also serve as damp-proof course. The plinth level shall not be more than two feet high above surrounding ground level.

Lintal Band:

A lintal band shall be incorporated above all openings and shall be continuous in all interior and exterior walls. The reinforcement over the openings shall be provided in addition to that of any other requirement. The lintel level of all the doors and windows shall be at the same level to facilitate of this band all around and inside the building without any discontinuity.

Roof Band:

This band shall be provided at the eave-level of trussed roofs and also below gable levels on such floors which consist of joists and covering elements so as to integrate them properly at their ends and and fix them into the walls. This band is not required in case of reinforced concrete or reinforced brick masonry slabs.

Gable Band:

Masonry gable ends must have the triangular portion of masonry enclosed in a band, the horizontal part of which will be continuous with the eave-level band on the adjacent longitudinal walls.

The width of the RC bands shall be the same as the thickness of the wall. The minimum thickness of a load-bearing wall shall be 9 inches. A cover of 1 inch from the face of wall shall be maintained for all steel reinforcing.

The vertical thickness of  the RC bands may be kept to a minimum of 6 inches with 4-1/2 " ? bars as reinforcement for economical reasons a minimum thicknessof 3 inches with 2-1/2? "bars may be adopted.

The concrete mix shall be 1:2:4 by volume. Alternatively, it shall have a minimum compressive cylinder strength of 2500 psi at 28 days.

The longitudinal bars shall be held in position by steel  stirrups 3/8"? placed 6" center to center.

(C) Vertical Reinforcement In Walls: 

Steel bars shell be installed at the critical sections (i.e. the corners of walls, junctions of walls and jambs of doors) right from the foundation concrete in cavities made around them during the masonry construction.
The concrete mix should be kept to 1:2:4 by volume, or richer.